What Does a Contract Specialist Actually Do?

The difference between CO and CS, who has authority, and who you should be talking to.

Updated: February 2026 6 min read

You see "Contract Specialist" on a SAM.gov listing. Can they award your contract? Should you call them? Here's the difference between a Contract Specialist and a Contracting Officer.

The Two Roles: CO vs CS

In federal procurement, there are two main roles you'll encounter:

Contracting Officer (CO/KO)

  • Has warrant (legal authority)
  • Can obligate government funds
  • Signs contracts
  • Makes binding decisions
  • Final authority on awards

Contract Specialist (CS)

  • No warrant (works under CO)
  • Drafts solicitations
  • Answers questions
  • Coordinates evaluations
  • Does most of the work

What's a "Warrant"?

A warrant is the legal authority to enter into contracts on behalf of the U.S. Government. Only warranted officials can obligate funds.

Warrants have dollar limits. A Contract Specialist might work on a $50 million procurement, but the Contracting Officer with the appropriate warrant level signs it.


Who Should You Contact?

Contact the Contract Specialist when:

  • You have questions about solicitation requirements
  • You need clarification on evaluation criteria
  • You're responding to a Sources Sought
  • The solicitation lists them as POC

Contact the Contracting Officer when:

  • You need a formal interpretation of terms
  • You have a contract modification request
  • There's a dispute or claim

In practice: Contact whoever is listed on the solicitation. If it says "Questions to: [email protected]" - that's who you email, regardless of title.


Key Takeaways

  • A CS can't promise you'll win - they can only answer questions
  • The CS today might be the CO in 2 years - build relationships
  • Contract problems go to the CO, not the CS who drafted the RFP

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